Munchausen syndrome is an older term for a form of factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces, fakes, or exaggerates physical or psychological symptoms to assume the patient role. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) groups similar behaviors under “Factitious disorder imposed on self,” which means the person acts in a misleading way without clear outside reasons, unlike malingering. The behavior may involve falsifying medical histories, tampering with tests or specimens, self-inflicted injuries, or fabricating symptoms across multiple settings and clinicians.
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